The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the French league winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.